作者知乎账号：邪王真眼最强
Part1b站一个视频的爬取思路分析
网址：”
第一步，先对视频网页进行抓包，可以发现这两个请求是视频相关的。
接着我们可以用python将两个url都请求一遍，并且保存文件，都以mp4格式保存。
代码：
# 开发时间: 2023/5/24 0:11
# 作 者：星辰之梦梦
import requests
headers = {
"referer": "https://www.bilibili.com",
"origin": "https://www.bilibili.com",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
}
# 100028
url1 = "https://upos-sz-mirrorcos.bilivideo.com/upgcxcode/73/12/836471273/836471273-1-100028.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1684865947&gen=playurlv2&os=cosbv&oi=0&trid=9df467665ce34bc8b1a9108af0a27cd1u&mid=647250039&platform=pc&upsig=0da697973b0a4359957bc8bfaf3648f1&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=ADFF7A65-40F1-F25C-C91B-8FFE569D520E16369infoc&build=0&agrr=1&bw=126933&logo=80000000"
# 30280
url2 = "https://upos-sz-mirrorcos.bilivideo.com/upgcxcode/73/12/836471273/836471273_nb3-1-30280.m4s?e=ig8euxZM2rNcNbdlhoNvNC8BqJIzNbfqXBvEqxTEto8BTrNvN0GvT90W5JZMkX_YN0MvXg8gNEV4NC8xNEV4N03eN0B5tZlqNxTEto8BTrNvNeZVuJ10Kj_g2UB02J0mN0B5tZlqNCNEto8BTrNvNC7MTX502C8f2jmMQJ6mqF2fka1mqx6gqj0eN0B599M=&uipk=5&nbs=1&deadline=1684865947&gen=playurlv2&os=cosbv&oi=0&trid=9df467665ce34bc8b1a9108af0a27cd1u&mid=647250039&platform=pc&upsig=4419c16cfb65b59180d74edc64066a69&uparams=e,uipk,nbs,deadline,gen,os,oi,trid,mid,platform&bvc=vod&nettype=0&orderid=0,3&buvid=ADFF7A65-40F1-F25C-C91B-8FFE569D520E16369infoc&build=0&agrr=1&bw=40149&logo=80000000"
resp1 = requests.get(url1, headers=headers).content
resp2 = requests.get(url2, headers=headers).content
with open("111.mp4", mode='wb') as file1:
file1.write(resp1)
with open("222.mp4", mode='wb') as file2:
file2.write(resp2)
下载完成后，打开发现111.mp4文件中存储的是无音频的视频，而222.mp4文件中存储的是音频（无视频）。因此我们后面需要将视频文件和音频文件进行合并，会用到ffmpeg软件。
现在我们需要实现 请求 视频网页的地址（即视频号） 得到上述视频url 音频url。因此回到 视频网页，在elemens中用url1中的关键参数（1-100028.m4s）搜索。发现在script标签中，并且以js数据格式存放（如下图），接着打开网页源代码再次搜索，也能得到搜索结果。因此我们只需要请求 视频网页的地址（即视频号）并解析拿到script中的视频url和音频url。
代码：
import requests
import re
import json
from lxml import etree
import os
url = "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV16e4y1k7Rs/?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0&vd_source=d8494042caaa3e41d56c7e04cc1669dd"
headers = {
"referer": "https://www.bilibili.com",
"origin": "https://www.bilibili.com",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
}
# 第一步 请求 视频网页的地址，拿到网页数据
resp_ = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
resp = resp_.text
resp_.close()
tree = etree.HTML(resp)
# 第二步 从网页数据中提取视频标题
title = tree.xpath('//h1/text()')[0]
# print(title)
# /html/head/script[3]/text()
# 第三步 从网页数据中提取视频url和音频url
try:
tree1 = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[3]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
# print(tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
except:
tree1 = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[4]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
# print(tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
video = tree1['data']['dash']['video'][0]
video_url = video['backupUrl'][0]
print(video_url)
audio = tree1['data']['dash']['audio'][0]
audio_url = audio['backupUrl'][0]
print(audio_url)
### 上述video_url 即视频url。audio_url 即音频url
'''
resp1 = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers).content
resp2 = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers).content
with open("111.mp4", mode='wb') as file1:
file1.write(resp1)
with open("222.mp4", mode='wb') as file2:
file2.write(resp2)
'''
到这里，我们已经实现从视频网页地址直接拿到视频文件和音频文件。但是他们是分开的。接着我们就继续讲解如何合并视频和音频。
Part2Fmpeg的安装及配置
FFmpeg是一套功能包括视频采集功能、视频格式转换、视频抓图、给视频加水印等的开源计算机程序。
官网下载：Download FFmpeg
以windows为例
下载完成后解压文件。将bin文件夹的路径添加进环境变量
到这里，FFmpeg配置就完成了,接下来就是实现合并音频和视频了。
Part3合并音频和视频代码
# 省略以上代码
# ①创建保存视频的文件夹
e = "b站视频"
if not os.path.exists(e):
os.mkdir(e)
# ②保存好视频和音频 注意变量title0为原音频和视频的标题。new_title为合并后的文件标题
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.mp4", mode='wb') as f:
f.write(resp1)
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.acc", mode='wb') as x:
x.write(resp2)
# ③利用FFmpeg合并音频和视频文件，并且将原来的两个文件删除
# 注意字符串中的格式。。' -i -i -acodec copy -vcodec copy '
com = f'D:/FFmpeg/bin/ffmpeg.exe -i "b站视频/{title0}.mp4" -i "b站视频/{title0}.acc" -acodec copy -vcodec copy "b站视频/{new_title}.mp4"'
os.system(com)
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.mp4")
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.acc")
Part4爬取单个视频的代码
import requests
import re
import json
from lxml import etree
import os
e = "b站视频"
if not os.path.exists(e):
os.mkdir(e)
while True:
''' 下载最高质量视频 '''
url = input("请输入url：")
# url = "https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV17K411B7mC/"
headers = {
# 如果你有b站会员，添加cookie即可下载最高高画质视频
# "cookie": "",
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.127 Safari/537.36",
}
resp_ = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
resp = resp_.text
resp_.close()
tree = etree.HTML(resp)
title = tree.xpath('//h1/text()')[0]
# print(title)
# /html/head/script[3]/text()
try:
tree1 = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[4]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
except:
# print("不是script[4]")
tree1 = tree.xpath('/html/head/script[3]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
video = tree1['data']['dash']['video'][0]
video_url = video['backupUrl'][0]
# print(video_url)
audio = tree1['data']['dash']['audio'][0]
audio_url = audio['backupUrl'][0]
# print(audio_url)
print("正在下载", title)
headers521 = {
"referer": url,
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.74 Safari/537.36",
}
resp1_ = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers521)
resp1 = resp1_.content
resp2_ = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers521)
resp2 = resp2_.content
resp1_.close()
resp2_.close()
new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"|n]', '_', title)
title0 = new_title + "0"
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.mp4", mode='wb') as f:
f.write(resp1)
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.acc", mode='wb') as x:
x.write(resp2)
com = f'D:/FFmpeg/bin/ffmpeg.exe -i "b站视频/{title0}.mp4" -i "b站视频/{title0}.acc" -acodec copy -vcodec copy "b站视频/{new_title}.mp4"'
os.system(com)
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.mp4")
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.acc")
print("over!!!", new_title)
Part5爬用户的视频选集对应的所有视频
如图所示这种的类型视频：
思路：首先根据视频号，请求对应网址，把所有视频标题提取出来。再用线程池，下载每一集的视频。
import requests
import re
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import os
import json
from lxml import etree
# from pprint import pprint
def get_titles(url):
# 创建文件夹bilibili
file = "b站视频"
if not os.path.exists(file):
os.mkdir(file)
# 通过请求url_title解析拿到每一个分视频的标题
headers = {
"referer": url,
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.74 Safari/537.36",
}
url_title = "https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist?bvid=" + q + "&jsonp=jsonp"
response = requests.get(url=url_title, headers=headers).json()
# print(response)
# titles保存所有标题
titles = []
ss = response['data']
for s in ss:
title = str(s['page']) + "、" + s['part']
titles.append(title)
return titles
def download(url, title, cookie):
headers = {
"cookie": cookie,
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/113.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
"Referer": "https://space.bilibili.com/647250039/video",
}
res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text
# print(res)
page = etree.HTML(res)
try:
tree1 = page.xpath('/html/head/script[4]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
except:
# print("不是script[4]")
tree1 = page.xpath('/html/head/script[3]/text()')[0]
tree1 = re.sub(r'window.__playinfo__=', '', tree1)
tree1 = json.loads(tree1)
# pprint(tree1['data']['dash']['video'])
id_list = for video in tree1['data']['dash']['video']]
video_url = tree1['data']['dash']['video'][id_list.index(max(id_list))]['backupUrl'][0]
id_list = for audio in tree1['data']['dash']['audio']]
audio_url = tree1['data']['dash']['audio'][id_list.index(max(id_list))]['backupUrl'][0]
# print(video_url)
# print(audio_url)
print("正在下载", title)
headers521 = {
"referer": url,
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.74 Safari/537.36",
}
resp1_ = requests.get(video_url, headers=headers521)
resp1 = resp1_.content
resp2_ = requests.get(audio_url, headers=headers521)
resp2 = resp2_.content
resp1_.close()
resp2_.close()
new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"|n]', '_', title)
title0 = new_title + "0"
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.mp4", mode='wb') as f:
f.write(resp1)
with open("b站视频/" + f"{title0}.acc", mode='wb') as x:
x.write(resp2)
com = f'D:/FFmpeg/bin/ffmpeg.exe -i "b站视频/{title0}.mp4" -i "b站视频/{title0}.acc" -acodec copy -vcodec copy "b站视频/{new_title}.mp4"'
os.system(com)
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.mp4")
os.remove(f"b站视频/{title0}.acc")
print("over!!!", new_title)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 如果有b站会员，添加cookie也许可下载最高高画质视频
cookie = ""
q = input("请输入一个含多个视频的视频号：")
url = "https://www.bilibili.com/video/" + q + "?"
titles = get_titles(url)
print("拿到标题", titles)
pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(10)
for id__, title in enumerate(titles):
url2 = url + "p" + str(id__+1)
pool.submit(download, url2, title, cookie)
pool.shutdown(wait=True)
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